The preparation of graphene oxide was controlled by reaction temperature, reaction time and concentration of kmno 4. Although atomic force microscopy afm measurement is the most direct way to identify the number of layers of. Fourier transform infrared ftir analysis showed the presence of abundant oxygencontaining functional groups in go as compared to rgo. The applications of graphene, graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide in the production of sensors is also a very promising. Research article polyurethane nanocomposites containing. Preparation and characterization of graphene oxide. Natural flake graphite nfg was procured from loba chemie india having a mean size of 60 mesh and purity of 98%. Studies of reduced graphene oxide and graphite oxide in.
Fabrication of the electrodes consisted on the hybrid materials being. In this work, synthesis and characterization of reduced graphene oxidepolyanilineau nanoparticles gopaninpau as a hybrid capacitor are presented. Electrochemical reduction of solution cast and selfassembled graphene oxide go films on au surfaces were studied using organic solvents. Individually, r6g and da compounds were found to adsorb rapidly on the surface of graphene oxide as they followed the traditional langmuir adsorption behavior. Wellresolved diffraction peaks of the 0 0 2 plane were observed in rgo 1 and rgo 2 at 2.
Subsequently reduced graphene oxide rgo having few layer graphene is extracted from go by the thermal reduction of go. Paper open access related content preparation of silver. Pdf comparison on graphite, graphene oxide and reduced. Synthesis, characterization and study of graphene oxide. Recently, our gographene powder was characterised by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy attenuated total reflectance ftiratr. Role of oxygen functional groups in reduced graphene oxide.
Synthesis, characterization, chemical reduction and. Currently, an improved method for the preparation of graphene oxide was the most common one. Graphene oxide go was synthesized from graphite and also produced from waste materials, such as coconut shell, rice husk, and bagasse. Transform infrared spectroscopy ftir, xray diffraction xrd and uvvis. Zno nanocrystals or quantum dots qds have superior optical properties of the bulk crystals owing to quantum confinement effects. Their unique properties are not only restricted to graphene but also shared with derivative compounds like graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, functionalized graphene, and so forth. It is expected that this investigation would be useful to develop gorgo based gas. However, the generation of graphene layers from graphite is quite expensive, but can be achieved at lower cost via controlled oxidation of graphite. Synthesis and characterization of reduced graphene oxide. Graphene oxide go has recently attracted great attention due to its unique chemical and physical properties.
Synthesis, characterization, chemical reduction and biological application of graphene oxide by xiguang gao a thesis presented to the university of waterloo. The structural and optical properties of the asprepared go nanosheets were characterized by raman, ftir, uvvis and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Synthesis and characterization of graphene oxide go and. Research article preparation and characterization of graphene oxide jianguosong, 1 xinzhiwang, 1 andchangtangchang 2 college of environment and materials engineering, yantai university, qingquan road, laishan district, yantai, china. Polyaniline was synthesized by chemical polymerization, and au nanoparticles npau were added afterward. Study of optical properties of graphene flakes and. Noncolvalent functionalization of graphene with end. Preparation and characterization of reduced graphene oxide. Characterization of graphene oxide and reduced graphene ftir spectra figure s1 shows ftir spectra of graphite, graphene oxide and reduced graphene. The ftir analysis was carried out on our freezedried graphene oxide powder and shows typical bonding of the groups attached to the graphene oxide sheets. The go obtained from pure graphite was compared with graphite made from indonesian biomass coconut shell, rice husk, and. In a go dispersion, a few layer flakes and monolayer flakes can be found. Intensity of ftir peaks of oxide, hydroxyl and alkoxy groups decreases significantly on reduction. From fundamentals to applications article pdf available in journal of physics condensed matter 271.
There are absorption peaks at wave numbers 3700 and 3400 cm1 describing the vibration of the hydroxyl group. While no significant peak was found in graphite, the presence of different type of oxygen functionalities in graphene oxide was confirmed at 3400 cm1. Raman spectroscopy is among the primary techniques for the characterisation of graphene materials, as it provides insights into the quality. A new approach to synthesize graphene is oxidizing graphite powder with a mixture of h 2 so 4 h 3 po 4 acids and potassium permanganate. Ftir spectra of graphene oxide, srtio3 particles, and s. Figure 7 displaying the ftir spectra of go, mb, and the gomb composite. Graphene is a 2dimensional honeycomb lattice of sp2bonded carbon atoms and has received enormous interest because of its host of interesting material properties and technological potentials. Figure 2 shows the ftir spectra of graphene oxide, srtio3 particles, and srtio3 graphene 10% composites. The main difference between graphite oxide and go is, thus, the number of layers.
Thin films of go and rgo were also deposited on sodalime glass substrate using spray pyrolysis technique spt. Graphene oxide go was obtained through modified hummers method and reduced graphene oxide rgo was acquired by employing heat treatment. The peak at 1,620 cm1 is attributed to the c c skeletal vibration of the graphene sheets. Xrdhta, uv visible, ftir and sem interpretation of. Graphene oxide flakes with a low oxidation degree and decorated with iron oxide have been obtained in one. Research article preparation and characterization of. It is especially useful in identifying the different oxygen functionalities in go. Graphene oxide go layers are the individual sheets of conventional graphite oxide cgo synthesized from graphene. The nanocomposites were characterized by ftir, differential scanning calorimetry.
One of the most structurally important materials, graphene oxide go, is prepared by the. Graphene and graphite oxide have gained vast popularity and become wonder materials in the present context of research and development. Ftir results of coconut shell charcoal, graphene oxide, and reduced graphene oxide are shown in figure 2. The samples were characterized using fourier transform infrared ftir spectroscopy, scanning electron. The chemical method offers to be an efficient alternate methodology for large scale production of graphene from graphite oxide 7. Polyurethane nanocomposites containing reduced graphene. Controlled synthesis, characterization and reduction of. Recently, graphene and other graphenebased materials have become an essential part of composite science and technology. Pdf preparation and characterization of graphene oxide. Polyurethane nanocomposites containing reduced graphene oxide, ftir, raman, and xrd studies article pdf available in journal of spectroscopy 20162. Figure 2 shows the ftir spectra of graphene oxide, srtio3 particles, and srtio3graphene10% composites. Fast and fully scalable synthesis of reduced graphene oxide. In the spectrum of graphene oxide, the absorption peak at 1,726 cm1 is caused by the c o stretching vibration of the cooh group.
The silver was decorated welldistributed to the layer of graphene oxide by tem observation. During the cyclic voltammetry measurements the structural changes in the films were recorded focusing on in situ infrared and raman techniques. Similarly, its functionalization is important to modify its properties and open up its applications to the areas. Graphite oxide was infused into nylon6 to produce nylon6go nanocomposites at loadings of 0.
Pdf polyurethane nanocomposites containing reduced. The ftir spectrum of go in figure 1, shows a broad peak appeared at 3429 cm1 in the high frequency area attributed. While no significant peak was found in graphite, the presence of different type of oxygen functionalities in graphene oxide was confirmed at 3400 cm1 oh stretching. Please note that all analysis shown on this page is listed for illustrative purposes only. Graphene oxideiron iiivi oxides nanocomposites have been produced with a fast and onepot synthesis. Graphene, a monolayer of sp 2bonded carbon atoms has stimulated vast scientific interest due to its unique properties. Percent transmittance as measured by ftir for nickel foam soaked in graphene oxide a without annealing, and after b 10 apa scans, c 12 apa scans, d 16 apa scans, and e 18 apa scans in nitrogen. Competitive adsorption of dopamine and rhodamine 6g on. Functionalized graphene oxide have received much attention in a broad range of. Here we report, a detailed investigation of graphene oxide go, reduced graphene oxide rgo and sulfophenylmodi ed rgo srgo by thermogravimetric analysis coupled with mass. Sigmaaldrich offers a number of graphene oxide products.
Parameters such as reaction time, reaction temperature, and amount of concentration were varied to study the degree of oxidation of graphite to graphene oxide. Graphene oxide go, the oxidized form of graphene, shows unique. Go was characterized by using a scanning electron microscope sem, fourier. Research article polyurethane nanocomposites containing reduced graphene oxide, ftir, raman, and xrd studies micha bstrankowski, 1 damianw bodarczyk, 1 a ukaszpiszczyk, 1 andjustynastrankowska 2 department of polymer technology, chemical faculty, gdansk university of technology, g. Graphene oxideiron oxide nanocomposites for water remediation. The xrd, ftir, uvvisible spectra results were confirmed the property of sample. Synthesis of graphene oxide go by modified hummers. The maximally oxidized bulk product is a yellow solid with c. Raman spectroscopy and imaging of graphene and layer thickness determination a quick and precise method for determining the number of layers of graphene sheets is essential for speeding up the research and exploration of graphene.
Ftir spectra analysis was performed to investigate the. As an example, the ftir spectra of threelayer go at room temperature is shown in fig. Both ftraman and dispersive raman spectroscopy were utilized for the reduction studies. K2feo4 fevibased compound, obtained from a dry synthesis, has been used as a green oxidant of graphite to produce graphene oxide, avoiding the use of the toxic permanganates. A variety of preparation routes have been reported for the preparation of metal oxide. Paper open access the effect of microwave irradiation on. Ftir analysis suggested that both r6g and da molecules predominantly adsorb on the. Research article polyurethane nanocomposites containing reduced graphene oxide, ftir, raman, and xrd studies micha bstrankowski, 1 damianw bodarczyk, 1 a ukaszpiszczyk, 1 andjustynastrankowska 2 department of polymer technology, chemical faculty, gdansk university of. Graphene oxide go has been initially prepared by a modified hummersmethod. Both graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide were characterized by uvvisible spectroscopy, ftir spectroscopy, and xrd techniques.
Fesem image shows more corrugated surface of rgo as compared to go. Pdf xrdhta, uv visible, ftir and sem interpretation of. Graphite oxide go was synthesized by a modified hummers method. Having unique properties, graphene layers are a quite interesting nanomaterial for industrial applications. Synthesis and characterization of graphene oxide and. The samples were characterized by ftir, xrd, tga, raman spectroscopy. The obtained graphene oxide was reduced to reduced graphene oxide by ascorbic acid. Synthesis and characterization of novel nano derivatives.
Ftir spectra were recorded with a perkin elmer frontier ftir. Due to the presence of oxygen functionalities, graphene oxide can easily disperse in. Combined effects of functional groups, lattice defects. The fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ftir spectra have been recorded in the range 4000500 cm1 using the kbr pressed pellet technique, with a nexus670 analytical ftir spectrometer of america. A new raman metric for the characterisation of graphene. In these measurements, infrared light is passed into an atr crystal to reflect against the sample with a short penetration depth to minimise noise in the spectrum as graphene oxide is a 2d material.
The techniques applied for the preparation of graphite oxide 12 and its further reduction to reduced graphene oxide affect the properties of these materials, due to the presence of additional. Zinc oxide zno is a wide band gap semiconductor with an energy gap of 3. Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy ftir ftir measures the absorbance or transmittance of light through a sample as a function of wavelength and provides information regarding the identity of functional groups. Graphite oxide, formerly called graphitic oxide or graphitic acid, is a compound of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen in variable ratios, obtained by treating graphite with strong oxidizers. Graphene oxide go was chemically synthesized from natural flake graphite nfg. The go was chemically reduced to reduced graphene oxide rgo using hydrazine monohydrate. Although graphite oxide is a multilayer system, monolayer flakes and fewlayer flakes can be found in a graphene oxide dispersion.
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